What is the cervical cancer vaccine?
The cervical cancer vaccine is a prophylactic vaccine developed to prevent
about 70% of cervical cancer by preventing infection by two high risk
HPV types (HPV types 16 and 18).
How effective is the cervical cancer vaccine?
The cervical cancer vaccine is most effective in women who have never
been exposed to HPV types 16 and 18 infections. Current data showed that
it is 100% effective in preventing precancerous changes (CIN) caused by
HPV types 16 and 18. However, HPV 16 and 18 infections account for 70%
of cervical cancer. Therefore, vaccinated women can still be infected
or have CIN caused by other HPV types.
As the vaccines cannot protect against infection by other high risk types
of HPV, nor can they clear the virus in those who are already infected,
they cannot eliminate the need of cervical screening.
How is the cervical cancer vaccine given?
The cervical cancer vaccine is a series of 3 injections given within
6 months. You should receive all 3 doses to get full protection. Current
data showed that it should be protective for at least 5 years. The need
for a booster injection will depend on further research findings and is
not yet known.
Are there any side effects from the cervical cancer vaccine?
The cervical cancer vaccine is generally safe. The common side effects
are similar to that from other vaccinations, such as soreness and swelling
at the injection site, fever and headache. It should be avoided in pregnancy
until more data on the safety in pregnancy are available. HPV vaccine
is also not recommended for those who have ever had allergic reaction
to any component of HPV vaccine
Who should have the cervical cancer vaccine?
The cervical cancer vaccine works best for women who have never been
exposed to HPV infections. So, it should work best for women who have
not started sexual activities. In women who have been sexually active,
the effectiveness varies. Please consult your doctor for further information.
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